• About Us
  • Our Team
  • Contact Us
Travel News l Tourism News India | Travel Trade Magazine
  • Home
  • Bott Magazine

    BOTT February 2026

    BOTT January 2026

    BOTT December 2025

    BOTT November 2025

    BOTT October 2025

    BOTT September 2025

    BOTT August 2025

    BOTT July 2025

    BOTT June 2025

    BOTT May 2025

    BOTT April ATM Issue

    BOTT April 2025

    BOTT March 2025

    BOTT Satte-2025

    OTM Special Issue

    January-2025 (TAFI Special)

    January-2025

    December-2024

    November-2024

    October-2024

    September-2024

    IATO Special Issue

    August-2024

    July-2024

    June-2024

    May 2024 : ATM Special Issue

    GITB Special Issue

    April-2024

    ITB Berlin Special Issue

    February 2024 (SATTE)

    February-2024

    January-2024

    December-2023

    November-2023

    October-2023

    September-2023

    August-2023

    July-2023

    June-2023

    May-2023

    April-2023

    March-2023

    February-2023

    January-2023

    December-2022

    November-December-2022

    October-November-2022

    September-October 2022

    August - September 2022

    July-August - Wedding Special

    May-June 2022: SATTE Special

    May-June-2022

    March-April 2022

    January-February-2022

    October - November 2021

    July-August 2021

    April - May 2021

    February - March 2021

    December 2020 - January 2021

    October - November 2020

    August - September 2020

    June - July 2020

    April - May 2020

    February - March 2020

    • BOTT February 2026
    • BOTT January 2026
    • BOTT December 2025
    • BOTT November 2025
    • BOTT October 2025
    • BOTT September 2025
    • BOTT August 2025
    • BOTT July 2025
    • BOTT June 2025
    • BOTT May 2025
    • BOTT April ATM Issue
    • BOTT April 2025
    • BOTT March 2025
    • BOTT Satte-2025
    • OTM Special Issue
    • January-2025 (TAFI Special)
    • January-2025
    • December-2024
    • November-2024
    • October-2024
    • September 2024
    • IATO Special Issue
    • August-2024
    • July-2024
    • June-2024
    • May 2024 : ATM Special Issue
    • GITB Special Issue
    • April-2024
    • ITB Berlin Special Issue
    • February 2024 (SATTE)
    • February-2024
    • January-2024
    • December-2023
    • November-2023
    • October-2023
    • September-2023
    • August-2023
    • July-2023
    • June-2023
    • May-2023
    • April-2023
    • March-2023
    • February-2023
    • January-2023
    • December-2022
    • November-December-2022
    • October-November-2022
    • September-October 2022
    • August – September 2022
    • July-August – Wedding Special
    • May-June 2022: SATTE Special
    • May-June-2022
    • March-April 2022
    • January-February-2022
    • October – November 2021
    • July-August 2021
    • April – May 2021
    • February – March 2021
    • December 2020 – January 2021
    • October – November 2020
    • August – September 2020
    • June – July 2020
    • April – May 2020
    • February – March 2020
  • Hospitable Hotels
    CGH Earth Saha unveils Pollachi Riverhouse villa in Tamil Nadu

    CGH Earth Saha unveils Pollachi Riverhouse villa in Tamil Nadu

    Eco Hotels and Resorts signs its first boutique property in Udaipur

    Eco Hotels and Resorts signs its first boutique property in Udaipur

    Marriott debuts Aravali Marriott Resort & Spa in Delhi NCR

    Marriott debuts Aravali Marriott Resort & Spa in Delhi NCR

    The Fern Hotels & Resorts celebrates Women’s Day with commitment to inclusion & growth

    The Fern Hotels & Resorts expands South India portfolio with Thekkady Signing

    JW Marriott Maldives Kaafu Atoll Island Resort deepens engagement with India through curated afternoon showcase

    JW Marriott Maldives Kaafu Atoll Island Resort deepens engagement with India through curated afternoon showcase

    JW Marriott Maldives Kaafu Atoll Island Resort marks the milestone of its first anniversary

    JW Marriott Maldives Kaafu Atoll Island Resort marks the milestone of its first anniversary

  • Fly Global
    Air India unveils first flagship Maharaja Lounge at Delhi Airport

    Air India unveils first flagship Maharaja Lounge at Delhi Airport

    Emirates marks 20 years of operations to and from Thiruvananthapuram

    Emirates marks 20 years of operations to and from Thiruvananthapuram

    Malaysia Airlines & Singapore Airlines formalise joint business partnership 

    Malaysia Airlines & Singapore Airlines formalise joint business partnership 

    Air India unveils a refreshed beverage collection

    Air India unveils a refreshed beverage collection

  • Beyond Boundaries
    Saudi’s iconic destinations await: Explore limited-time 2026 offers

    Saudi’s iconic destinations await: Explore limited-time 2026 offers

    Germany welcomes Indian travellers to a vibrant 2026 of new experiences

    Germany welcomes Indian travellers to a vibrant 2026 of new experiences

    Czechia’s ‘Feel Free To’ concept invites Indians to travel at their own pace

    Czechia’s ‘Feel Free To’ concept invites Indians to travel at their own pace

    Qatar Tourism marks 2025 as a year of global milestones and resilient growth

    Qatar Tourism marks 2025 as a year of global milestones and resilient growth

    Brand USA expands Travel Week to India

    Brand USA expands Travel Week to India

    Israel Tourism records measured recovery in 2025

    Israel Tourism records measured recovery in 2025

  • India for You
    Kerala must emerge as global centre for Ayurveda beyond tourism: Minister Riyas

    Kerala must emerge as global centre for Ayurveda beyond tourism: Minister Riyas

    Goa all set to celebrate a grand and vibrant Carnaval 2026

    Goa all set to celebrate a grand and vibrant Carnaval 2026

    GTDC to host dance drama RAM on November 29 & 30, 2025

    GTDC to host dance drama RAM on November 29 & 30, 2025

    Tamil Nadu unveils its captivating landscapes and vibrant heritage in WTM 2025

    Tamil Nadu unveils its captivating landscapes and vibrant heritage in WTM 2025

  • Associations in Action
  • Bott Shots
  • BOTT Spotlight
No Result
View All Result
  • Home
  • Bott Magazine

    BOTT February 2026

    BOTT January 2026

    BOTT December 2025

    BOTT November 2025

    BOTT October 2025

    BOTT September 2025

    BOTT August 2025

    BOTT July 2025

    BOTT June 2025

    BOTT May 2025

    BOTT April ATM Issue

    BOTT April 2025

    BOTT March 2025

    BOTT Satte-2025

    OTM Special Issue

    January-2025 (TAFI Special)

    January-2025

    December-2024

    November-2024

    October-2024

    September-2024

    IATO Special Issue

    August-2024

    July-2024

    June-2024

    May 2024 : ATM Special Issue

    GITB Special Issue

    April-2024

    ITB Berlin Special Issue

    February 2024 (SATTE)

    February-2024

    January-2024

    December-2023

    November-2023

    October-2023

    September-2023

    August-2023

    July-2023

    June-2023

    May-2023

    April-2023

    March-2023

    February-2023

    January-2023

    December-2022

    November-December-2022

    October-November-2022

    September-October 2022

    August - September 2022

    July-August - Wedding Special

    May-June 2022: SATTE Special

    May-June-2022

    March-April 2022

    January-February-2022

    October - November 2021

    July-August 2021

    April - May 2021

    February - March 2021

    December 2020 - January 2021

    October - November 2020

    August - September 2020

    June - July 2020

    April - May 2020

    February - March 2020

    • BOTT February 2026
    • BOTT January 2026
    • BOTT December 2025
    • BOTT November 2025
    • BOTT October 2025
    • BOTT September 2025
    • BOTT August 2025
    • BOTT July 2025
    • BOTT June 2025
    • BOTT May 2025
    • BOTT April ATM Issue
    • BOTT April 2025
    • BOTT March 2025
    • BOTT Satte-2025
    • OTM Special Issue
    • January-2025 (TAFI Special)
    • January-2025
    • December-2024
    • November-2024
    • October-2024
    • September 2024
    • IATO Special Issue
    • August-2024
    • July-2024
    • June-2024
    • May 2024 : ATM Special Issue
    • GITB Special Issue
    • April-2024
    • ITB Berlin Special Issue
    • February 2024 (SATTE)
    • February-2024
    • January-2024
    • December-2023
    • November-2023
    • October-2023
    • September-2023
    • August-2023
    • July-2023
    • June-2023
    • May-2023
    • April-2023
    • March-2023
    • February-2023
    • January-2023
    • December-2022
    • November-December-2022
    • October-November-2022
    • September-October 2022
    • August – September 2022
    • July-August – Wedding Special
    • May-June 2022: SATTE Special
    • May-June-2022
    • March-April 2022
    • January-February-2022
    • October – November 2021
    • July-August 2021
    • April – May 2021
    • February – March 2021
    • December 2020 – January 2021
    • October – November 2020
    • August – September 2020
    • June – July 2020
    • April – May 2020
    • February – March 2020
  • Hospitable Hotels
    CGH Earth Saha unveils Pollachi Riverhouse villa in Tamil Nadu

    CGH Earth Saha unveils Pollachi Riverhouse villa in Tamil Nadu

    Eco Hotels and Resorts signs its first boutique property in Udaipur

    Eco Hotels and Resorts signs its first boutique property in Udaipur

    Marriott debuts Aravali Marriott Resort & Spa in Delhi NCR

    Marriott debuts Aravali Marriott Resort & Spa in Delhi NCR

    The Fern Hotels & Resorts celebrates Women’s Day with commitment to inclusion & growth

    The Fern Hotels & Resorts expands South India portfolio with Thekkady Signing

    JW Marriott Maldives Kaafu Atoll Island Resort deepens engagement with India through curated afternoon showcase

    JW Marriott Maldives Kaafu Atoll Island Resort deepens engagement with India through curated afternoon showcase

    JW Marriott Maldives Kaafu Atoll Island Resort marks the milestone of its first anniversary

    JW Marriott Maldives Kaafu Atoll Island Resort marks the milestone of its first anniversary

  • Fly Global
    Air India unveils first flagship Maharaja Lounge at Delhi Airport

    Air India unveils first flagship Maharaja Lounge at Delhi Airport

    Emirates marks 20 years of operations to and from Thiruvananthapuram

    Emirates marks 20 years of operations to and from Thiruvananthapuram

    Malaysia Airlines & Singapore Airlines formalise joint business partnership 

    Malaysia Airlines & Singapore Airlines formalise joint business partnership 

    Air India unveils a refreshed beverage collection

    Air India unveils a refreshed beverage collection

  • Beyond Boundaries
    Saudi’s iconic destinations await: Explore limited-time 2026 offers

    Saudi’s iconic destinations await: Explore limited-time 2026 offers

    Germany welcomes Indian travellers to a vibrant 2026 of new experiences

    Germany welcomes Indian travellers to a vibrant 2026 of new experiences

    Czechia’s ‘Feel Free To’ concept invites Indians to travel at their own pace

    Czechia’s ‘Feel Free To’ concept invites Indians to travel at their own pace

    Qatar Tourism marks 2025 as a year of global milestones and resilient growth

    Qatar Tourism marks 2025 as a year of global milestones and resilient growth

    Brand USA expands Travel Week to India

    Brand USA expands Travel Week to India

    Israel Tourism records measured recovery in 2025

    Israel Tourism records measured recovery in 2025

  • India for You
    Kerala must emerge as global centre for Ayurveda beyond tourism: Minister Riyas

    Kerala must emerge as global centre for Ayurveda beyond tourism: Minister Riyas

    Goa all set to celebrate a grand and vibrant Carnaval 2026

    Goa all set to celebrate a grand and vibrant Carnaval 2026

    GTDC to host dance drama RAM on November 29 & 30, 2025

    GTDC to host dance drama RAM on November 29 & 30, 2025

    Tamil Nadu unveils its captivating landscapes and vibrant heritage in WTM 2025

    Tamil Nadu unveils its captivating landscapes and vibrant heritage in WTM 2025

  • Associations in Action
  • Bott Shots
  • BOTT Spotlight
No Result
View All Result
Travel News l Tourism News India | Travel Trade Magazine
No Result
View All Result
Home Bott Short News

PATA Nepal Chapter elects New Executive Committee at 45th AGM

The new Executive Committee of PATA Nepal Chapter comprises 4 Ex officio members including Director General - Department of Tourism, Director General - Civil Aviation Authority of Nepal, Corporate Director - Nepal Airlines, and Representative of Nepal Tourism Board.

Pallavi Sharma by Pallavi Sharma
June 8, 2024
in Bott Short News

Pacific Asia Travel Association (PATA) Nepal Chapter successfully concluded its 45th Annual General Meeting on 6th June 2024 at Park Village Resort under the theme “Nepal Tourism 2.0: Charting the Future Course.” The AGM unanimously appointed the new Executive Committee, with Mr. Khem Raj Lakai, CEO of the Global Academy of Tourism & Hospitality Education (GATE), as Chairman. He succeeds Mr. Bibhuti Chand Thakur, who was elected Chairman on December 18, 2019, and remains in the Executive Committee as the Immediate Past Chairman.

Upon his appointment, Mr. Khem Lakai expressed, “I am deeply honored and humbled by this opportunity. It is with profound gratitude and a great sense of responsibility that I step into the role of chairman of PATA. Being entrusted with the legacy of this esteemed institution is a privilege. My association with PATA spans several years, be it as a board of trustee of the PATA Foundation, or PATA HQ elected Board member, including extensive service within the PATA Nepal Chapter. I am delighted to announce that the PATA Nepal Chapter is celebrating its 49th anniversary. I want to honor the memory of our founding father, the late Mr. Prabahakar SJB Rana, who brought this wonderful organization to Nepal and continuously nurtured by amazing leaders of our industry. His vision of connecting Nepal to the world now rests on our shoulders. Unity is crucial for Nepal in all spectrum of professions, and we cannot afford to delay. Once united, we can transform the narrative of our beautiful nation and inspire the world. On behalf of the new executive committee, I pledge to the entire tourism community to join forces and realize our shared dream through tourism.”

Accordingly, the AGM elected General Secretary – Mr. Narendra dev Bhatta (Managing Director – Heritage Tours & Travel), Hon. Treasurer – Ms. Reetal Rana (Managing Director – Mid Valley International College). Other Executive Members include Ms. Lakhpa Phuti Sherpa (Founder – Luxury DMC Travel), Mr. Rupesh Joshi (Director –Buddha Air), Mr. Binod Adhikari (Director – Aarya village Travels), Mr. Sunil Bahadur Bhattrai (Executive Director – Busy Bee Cafe), Mr. Himmat Puri (Director – Destinago Tours & Travel), Sarita Lama (MD – Off The wall Trekking) and Ms. Tenzing Peyang  Lama (Director – Hotel Lhasa International (Dusit Princess Kathmandu). During the AGM, PATA Nepal Chapter also elected 4 Proxy Members to its Executive Committee including Dr. Smritee Kala Pant  (Head of BHM/BHTM- Little Angels’ College of Management), Mr. Prakash Chandra Lohani (Chairman-Alpine Rescue Service), Mr. Suman Ghimire (Executive Director-Jungle Safari lodge), and Ms. Imu Regmi (Director –Basera Boutique Hotel). 

The Executive Committee also comprises of 4 Ex officio members including Director General – Department of Tourism, Director General – Civil Aviation Authority of Nepal), Corporate Director – Nepal Airlines, and Representative of Nepal Tourism Board.

During the Formal Function and Annual Award Presentation Ceremony in the evening of the AGM, PATA Nepal Chapter awarded Ms. Ambica Shrestha (President of Dwarika’s Hotels & Resorts) and Mr. Shyam Bahadur Pandey (Founder of Hotel Shangrila) with the prestigious “PATA Lifetime Achievement Award 2024”. This recognition honors their devoted years of exceptional voluntary service, leadership, significant contributions, and invaluable dedication to the association and the tourism and hospitality industry in Nepal.

Mr. Lakpa Sonam Sherpa (Chairman of Yeti Group) has been rewarded with “PATA Tourism Trailblazer Award 2024” for his exceptional leadership, pioneering initiatives, and outstanding contributions to promoting, expanding, and developing the tourism industry in Nepal.

Mr. Bharat Basnet (Founder of Explore Nepal) has been bestowed with the “PATA Personality of the Year 2024” Award for his unconditional support, persistent activism, advocacy, and commendable engagement towards the promotion and sustainable development of Nepal’s tourism sector, as well as his invaluable contributions to the association over the years. 

Similarly, Mr. Narendra Deo Bhatta (Founder of Heritage Tours and Travels) was honored with the “PATA Special Contribution Award 2024” for his unwavering commitment and remarkable contributions to Nepalese tourism, as well as his exceptional legal guidance and support to the association.

Likewise, The Premiere Hotel School, Itahari, received the “PATA Best Student Chapter of the Year 2023” Award in recognition of their dedication and contributions in engaging with the initiatives and events of the PATA Nepal Chapter throughout 2023. 

During the program, Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Georg Arlt (Founder of Meaningful Tourism Center) delivered the keynote speech on “Nepal Tourism 2.0,” sharing the manifesto of outcomes from the Experts Roundtable Meet organized by the PATA Nepal Chapter on June 5, 2024. On behalf of the Meaningful Tourism Center based in Germany, he presented the Meaningful Tourism Award (Gold) to the Community Homestay Network, Tiger Mountain Pokhara Lodge, and KGH Group of Hotels and Resorts. Similarly, the Nepal Academy of Tourism & Hotel Management received the Meaningful Tourism Award (Silver), while the Nepal Airlines Corporation and Hotel Himalaya received the Meaningful Tourism Award (Bronze).

The Chief Guest, Honorable Minister of Culture, Tourism, and Civil Aviation, expressed his happiness at the unanimous election of the New Executive Committee, noting that such unity is rare among institutions and organizations in the country nowadays. He shared the Government’s target of attracting 1.6 million tourists in 2024 and invited the private sector to introduce new and creative tourism products in international source markets to boost tourist influx. Additionally, he committed to working towards removing VAT on air tickets and other unnecessary taxes in tourism to encourage and enhance the highly potential and rewarding tourism sector.

The outgoing chairman Mr. Bibhuti Chand Thakur extended thanks to all the members and stakeholders of Nepal’s tourism for the continued collaboration and support to the association; inviting and requesting all present to work together for sustainable growth and development of tourism in the country. 

 

 

Follow BOTT on LinkedIn, Facebook, Twitter & Instagram

Subscribe BOTT Channels on WhatsApp & Telegram to receive real time updates

 

 

Tags: Breaking Travel NewsBusiness of travel trade IndiaFlight PackagesGlobal Academy of Tourism & Hospitality EducationHospitality NewsHotel InformationLatest Travel & Tourism Industry TrendsMICE newsNepal TourismPacific Asia Travel Association (PATA) NepalTour packagesTourism Breaking NewsTourism NewsTourism News IndiaTravel & Tourism MagazineTravel FashionTravel Industry Newstravel newsTravel PackagesTravel Trade Newstravel trade news IndiaTravel Trade TrendsTravel Young GenerationVisa
ShareTweetShareSend
Previous Post

Azerbaijan Tourism Board announces BRANDit as the new India Representative.

Next Post

Discover the Excellence of India Easy Trip Private Limited

Related Posts

BOTT Weekly Roundup: February 1-7, 2026
Bott Short News

BOTT Weekly Roundup: February 1-7, 2026

February 7, 2026
Thomas Cook India & SOTC Travel sign strategic MOU with Cinnamon Life
Bott Short News

Thomas Cook India & SOTC Travel sign strategic MOU with Cinnamon Life

February 6, 2026
Celebrate Valentine’s with curated experiences at ITC Gardenia, Bengaluru
Bott Short News

Celebrate Valentine’s with curated experiences at ITC Gardenia, Bengaluru

February 6, 2026
Naveen Kundu’s ‘Reclaiming Incredible’ maps a bold blueprint for India’s tourism
Bott Short News

Naveen Kundu’s ‘Reclaiming Incredible’ maps a bold blueprint for India’s tourism

February 6, 2026
Confiance Communications secures India PR Mandate for Türkiye Tourism
Bott Short News

Confiance Communications secures India PR Mandate for Türkiye Tourism

February 5, 2026
Avis India joins hands with Pranaam by Adani to deliver seamless luxury travel
Bott Short News

Avis India joins hands with Pranaam by Adani to deliver seamless luxury travel

February 5, 2026
Next Post
Discover the Excellence of India Easy Trip Private Limited

Discover the Excellence of India Easy Trip Private Limited

Kazin DMC appointed Siddhesh Vichare as General Manager for Georgia Office

Kazin DMC appointed Siddhesh Vichare as General Manager for Georgia Office

Isha Goyal: ‘India is a significant and sizeable market for Cruise Tourism’

Isha Goyal: ‘India is a significant and sizeable market for Cruise Tourism'

Recent News

BOTT Weekly Roundup: February 1-7, 2026

BOTT Weekly Roundup: February 1-7, 2026

February 7, 2026
Thomas Cook India & SOTC Travel sign strategic MOU with Cinnamon Life

Thomas Cook India & SOTC Travel sign strategic MOU with Cinnamon Life

February 6, 2026
OTM 2026 opens in Mumbai as India becomes global tourism powerhouse

OTM 2026 opens in Mumbai as India becomes global tourism powerhouse

February 6, 2026
Eco Hotels appoints Biplab Banerjee as Corporate General Manager

Eco Hotels appoints Biplab Banerjee as Corporate General Manager

February 6, 2026
CGH Earth Saha unveils Pollachi Riverhouse villa in Tamil Nadu

CGH Earth Saha unveils Pollachi Riverhouse villa in Tamil Nadu

February 6, 2026

About Us

Travel is that one elixir that keeps the person going, economy may boom or dip, recessions may come and go. For pleasure or for work – travelling is an essential part of everyone’s life and the industry that works diligently to keep the process of travel smooth is called Travel Trade.

Categories

  • Appointments
  • Associations in Action
  • Better Half
  • Beyond Boundaries
  • Bott Short News
  • Bott Shots
  • BOTT SHOTS MIDDAY
  • BOTT Spotlight
  • Bott Talent Connect
  • BOTT Travel Sentiment Tracker
  • Celebrating the bond of Motherhood
  • Cruise Away
  • Destination Window
  • Events Corner
  • Fab 40'S
  • Featured Videos
  • Fly Global
  • Food for Soul
  • From the Editor's Desk
  • GM Special Series
  • Government Initiatives
  • High Spirits
  • Horoscope
  • Hospitable Hotels
  • India for You
  • India's Best & Verified Travel Advisors
  • Industry Insight
  • Itinerary of the Week
  • Jobs for You
  • More From Bott
  • News of the Day
  • Photo Feature
  • Social Cause
  • Trending Station
  • Weddings & More
  • Wellness Corner
  • Your Opinion

Quick Links

  • About Us
  • Our Team
  • Privacy Policy
  • Contact Us
  • Terms and Conditions
  • Refund Policy
  • About Us
  • Our Team
  • Privacy Policy
  • Refund Policy
  • Contact Us

Copyright 2025 More Media Private Limited. All Rights Reserved.

No Result
View All Result
  • Home
  • Bott Magazine
    • BOTT February 2026
    • BOTT January 2026
    • BOTT December 2025
    • BOTT November 2025
    • BOTT October 2025
    • BOTT September 2025
    • BOTT August 2025
    • BOTT July 2025
    • BOTT June 2025
    • BOTT May 2025
    • BOTT April ATM Issue
    • BOTT April 2025
    • BOTT March 2025
    • BOTT Satte-2025
    • OTM Special Issue
    • January-2025 (TAFI Special)
    • January-2025
    • December-2024
    • November-2024
    • October-2024
    • September 2024
    • IATO Special Issue
    • August-2024
    • July-2024
    • June-2024
    • May 2024 : ATM Special Issue
    • GITB Special Issue
    • April-2024
    • ITB Berlin Special Issue
    • February 2024 (SATTE)
    • February-2024
    • January-2024
    • December-2023
    • November-2023
    • October-2023
    • September-2023
    • August-2023
    • July-2023
    • June-2023
    • May-2023
    • April-2023
    • March-2023
    • February-2023
    • January-2023
    • December-2022
    • November-December-2022
    • October-November-2022
    • September-October 2022
    • August – September 2022
    • July-August – Wedding Special
    • May-June 2022: SATTE Special
    • May-June-2022
    • March-April 2022
    • January-February-2022
    • October – November 2021
    • July-August 2021
    • April – May 2021
    • February – March 2021
    • December 2020 – January 2021
    • October – November 2020
    • August – September 2020
    • June – July 2020
    • April – May 2020
    • February – March 2020
  • Hospitable Hotels
  • Fly Global
  • Beyond Boundaries
  • India for You
  • Associations in Action
  • Bott Shots
  • BOTT Spotlight

Copyright 2025 More Media Private Limited. All Rights Reserved.